I had the same problem on my Windows 7 PC after installing Fix Pack 7.
I was able to determine that the problem occurs if the Windows 7 Display setting (which allows you to change the size of text and icons on Windows desktop), is not at the default setting "Smaller - 100%" .
When the Display setting is set to 100%, the icons display correctly. However, if the setting is increased (I had mine set to Custom 120%), then the Notes 9.0.1 FP7 displays the icons incorrectly over-sized/enlarged and out of focus as described by the posts above.
I have opened a ticket internally and hopefully a fix can be identified soon.
If you can live with the default 100% setting for your Windows desktop icons and text, this can be a temporary fix.
See screenshot attached.
Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Display