Honestly, when Notes was initially released it was intended to give users a long, useful, practical curve to help automate their work. Yep, the idea was to let users personalize it all. It was a tall order though. OTOH a lot of the features work awfully well to get you there.
With Standard Edition (and in fact Basic Edition too) you have the ability to create a program -- called an "agent" -- that runs locally on your workstation. It'd need to run on a schedule there. But it's not hard code to write.
In point of fact, as a developer I do the same thing, only in reverse. I attach files that've changed into Notes so that I've got backups for the day.
The objects for finding & extracting attachments are simpler to operate, if the sender were building a Notes mail. However, both systems have the ability to find & extract the data you're looking for, it's just more subtle to search for attachments outside the "mail content" field.
So, I'm telling you this "in theory". If you have no one on staff who can help you build such a small bit of code, I may find time to sketch it out for you. Unfortunately I also do this for a living. So it'd be a good time to get a buddy in your staff who is either great at programming things like Notes, or even Excel -- or if you want to take the initiative yourself, that's good too.
The Domino Designer Help has a pretty good tutorial that can get you (or someone else) started, too. The script will be checking "NotesDatabase.unprocessedDocuments", cycling through your mail, running across mail with attachments, then figuring out what to do with the attachment.